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Guide to Shop Best Motorcycle Phone Charger in Mingguangda
best motorcycle phone charger reflects the strength of Shenzhen Mingguangda Technology Co., Ltd. We meticulously select the materials to make sure each of them works perfectly, through which the quality of the product can be ensured from the source. It is manufactured by the advanced equipment operated by our experienced technicians. It is endowed with the great durability and proves to be of long lifespan. This product is guaranteed to be flawless and is bound to add more values for customers.
The future of the market will be about creating brand value through the formation of brand ecosystems that can deliver great customer experiences at every opportunity. That is what JSE has been working on. JSE is moving our focus from transactions to relationships. We are constantly looking for great partnerships with some famous and powerful brands as a way to speed up business growth, which has made significant progress.
Mingguangda is a good showcase about our all round services. Every product can be customized along with reasonable MOQ and intimate services throughout the purchase. Our team, adhering to the saying 'When a business develops, service comes', will combine the products, such as best motorcycle phone charger, tightly with the services.
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1
Which Is the Best Mechanical Stabilizer Or Electronic Stabilizer
Stabilizer is an important accessory of video shooting, which can assist in shooting the motion video of travel cloud water version. From the early stannikon to the popular electronic three-axis in the past two years, from the professional level to the civil level, today's Stabilizer Market is full of various styles of products, which can be fundamentally divided into mechanical and electronic camps. Today, the author makes a simple comparative analysis on the characteristics of the two camps, Interested friends can discuss it together.
The mechanical stabilizer is represented by stannikon. We often see its shadow in the production gags of various film and television dramas or large-scale programs. The main body of mechanical stabilizer is people to control its balance, so the final film quality is directly proportional to the operator's technology and experience. Before the birth of electronic stabilizer, mechanical stabilizer has occupied this market for a long time.
Electronic stabilizer (each of the three axes is driven by a motor, and the control handle is next to it)
The electronic stabilizer uses battery power supply, and then uses various electronic algorithms to achieve mechanical balance. It is a relatively novel product. At present, the scheme of three-axis stabilizer is the most mature. It was born in the sky, which has a great impact on the traditional mechanical stabilizer. In the early days, the electronic stabilizer was mainly aimed at some individual models of civil level, but today, it can support about 10kg digital projectors, and the product line is also very rich.
Various mechanical stabilizers (the principle of achieving stability through the consistency of the upper and lower center of gravity)
The mechanical stabilizer has a certain technical content and needs long-term training to be better used. Moreover, the whole system is relatively heavy. In terms of flexibility, it is not as convenient as electronic, especially when shooting in a narrow space. However, its load-bearing is relatively large. In the current professional production field, it is still dominated by this type of products.
Lighter electronic stabilizer (the larger the load, the larger the stabilizer)
The electronic stabilizer is easier to operate. As long as you have the sense of lens movement, you can start it easily. Small, light, easy to use and easy to carry, it is more attractive than the mechanical stabilizer. However, after all, it is an electronic product. Considering the working stability, many professionals are still on the sidelines.
The mechanical stabilizer can be hand-held
The mechanical stabilizer is divided into two levels. The first is the hand-held mechanical stabilizer. Its principle is actually very easy to understand. It is mainly applicable to some small machines, such as; SLR, micro single, sports DV or mobile phone, with dimensions ranging from about 1m to about 15cm. With the continuous expansion of video functions of small digital devices, handheld mechanical stabilizers have really become popular among the people. Previously, they can only be achieved by using the effects photographed by large devices such as stannikon.
Mechanical stabilizers can also be used with stannikon rocker arms
There is also a relatively professional equipment, that is, what we usually call stannikon stability system. In fact, the principle of this kind of products is similar to the above, but its configuration is more professional and load-bearing. This kind of stable system is cumbersome and needs professional personnel to operate. It is mainly aimed at the professional film and television production field. It is the oldest and most mature stable follow-up scheme at present.
The trend of electronic stabilizers is becoming smaller and lighter
Electronic stabilizers are also divided into two levels. Small hand-held electronic stabilizers are mainly used for video shooting of small devices such as SLR, micro single, sports DV or mobile phone. The whole size is much smaller and more convenient to carry than hand-held mechanical stabilizers. The characteristics of small, light, easy to use and easy to carry are destined to have a good development prospect in the future. However, compared with the handheld mechanical stabilizer of the same level, the price is much higher.
Electronic stabilizer can adapt to more use environment and shooting angle
Today, with the development of electronic stabilizers, several mainstream manufacturers have also launched three-axis electronic stabilizers applied in professional fields. At present, this kind of stabilizers can withstand the shooting of professional film cameras. At the same time, it also integrates all the advantages of easy carrying and easy use of electronic stabilizers, and the surrounding professional auxiliary accessories are relatively complete. However, the models it supports are still limited (especially the models of radio and television system), coupled with the operating habits of a large number of stannikon practitioners, I'm afraid there is still a long way to go before such products can completely replace stannikon.
Mechanical and electronic are now in a scuffle situation. However, from the current situation, the advantages of electronic triaxial have become more and more obvious in the field of handheld level; In the professional field, mechanical stability systems such as stannikon still occupy the main power, but they are not at ease. A large number of three-axis stability systems are maturing step by step.
The electronic stabilizer can also work with two people, one is responsible for moving and the other is responsible for controlling the lens angle
After making clear the difference between the two, in fact, many people already have the answer in their mind. If the budget is sufficient, the author also suggests to buy an electronic three-axis one. After all, it is easy to operate. The shooting scene can pay more attention to the lens design without worrying about technical problems, so as to make the shooting works better. The above is the whole content of this article. For more information, please continue to pay attention to pconline digital camera channel.
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The mechanical stabilizer is represented by stannikon. We often see its shadow in the production gags of various film and television dramas or large-scale programs. The main body of mechanical stabilizer is people to control its balance, so the final film quality is directly proportional to the operator's technology and experience. Before the birth of electronic stabilizer, mechanical stabilizer has occupied this market for a long time.
Electronic stabilizer (each of the three axes is driven by a motor, and the control handle is next to it)
The electronic stabilizer uses battery power supply, and then uses various electronic algorithms to achieve mechanical balance. It is a relatively novel product. At present, the scheme of three-axis stabilizer is the most mature. It was born in the sky, which has a great impact on the traditional mechanical stabilizer. In the early days, the electronic stabilizer was mainly aimed at some individual models of civil level, but today, it can support about 10kg digital projectors, and the product line is also very rich.
Various mechanical stabilizers (the principle of achieving stability through the consistency of the upper and lower center of gravity)
The mechanical stabilizer has a certain technical content and needs long-term training to be better used. Moreover, the whole system is relatively heavy. In terms of flexibility, it is not as convenient as electronic, especially when shooting in a narrow space. However, its load-bearing is relatively large. In the current professional production field, it is still dominated by this type of products.
Lighter electronic stabilizer (the larger the load, the larger the stabilizer)
The electronic stabilizer is easier to operate. As long as you have the sense of lens movement, you can start it easily. Small, light, easy to use and easy to carry, it is more attractive than the mechanical stabilizer. However, after all, it is an electronic product. Considering the working stability, many professionals are still on the sidelines.
The mechanical stabilizer can be hand-held
The mechanical stabilizer is divided into two levels. The first is the hand-held mechanical stabilizer. Its principle is actually very easy to understand. It is mainly applicable to some small machines, such as; SLR, micro single, sports DV or mobile phone, with dimensions ranging from about 1m to about 15cm. With the continuous expansion of video functions of small digital devices, handheld mechanical stabilizers have really become popular among the people. Previously, they can only be achieved by using the effects photographed by large devices such as stannikon.
Mechanical stabilizers can also be used with stannikon rocker arms
There is also a relatively professional equipment, that is, what we usually call stannikon stability system. In fact, the principle of this kind of products is similar to the above, but its configuration is more professional and load-bearing. This kind of stable system is cumbersome and needs professional personnel to operate. It is mainly aimed at the professional film and television production field. It is the oldest and most mature stable follow-up scheme at present.
The trend of electronic stabilizers is becoming smaller and lighter
Electronic stabilizers are also divided into two levels. Small hand-held electronic stabilizers are mainly used for video shooting of small devices such as SLR, micro single, sports DV or mobile phone. The whole size is much smaller and more convenient to carry than hand-held mechanical stabilizers. The characteristics of small, light, easy to use and easy to carry are destined to have a good development prospect in the future. However, compared with the handheld mechanical stabilizer of the same level, the price is much higher.
Electronic stabilizer can adapt to more use environment and shooting angle
Today, with the development of electronic stabilizers, several mainstream manufacturers have also launched three-axis electronic stabilizers applied in professional fields. At present, this kind of stabilizers can withstand the shooting of professional film cameras. At the same time, it also integrates all the advantages of easy carrying and easy use of electronic stabilizers, and the surrounding professional auxiliary accessories are relatively complete. However, the models it supports are still limited (especially the models of radio and television system), coupled with the operating habits of a large number of stannikon practitioners, I'm afraid there is still a long way to go before such products can completely replace stannikon.
Mechanical and electronic are now in a scuffle situation. However, from the current situation, the advantages of electronic triaxial have become more and more obvious in the field of handheld level; In the professional field, mechanical stability systems such as stannikon still occupy the main power, but they are not at ease. A large number of three-axis stability systems are maturing step by step.
The electronic stabilizer can also work with two people, one is responsible for moving and the other is responsible for controlling the lens angle
After making clear the difference between the two, in fact, many people already have the answer in their mind. If the budget is sufficient, the author also suggests to buy an electronic three-axis one. After all, it is easy to operate. The shooting scene can pay more attention to the lens design without worrying about technical problems, so as to make the shooting works better. The above is the whole content of this article. For more information, please continue to pay attention to pconline digital camera channel.
3
Manufacture of Lead Battery Charger
I made a simple charger, which not only has adjustable charging current, but also automatically cuts off power after full charge. It has been very good for two years.
As shown in the figure, when the "" - "pole of the battery to be charged is connected to the circuit, first turn W1 to the bottom, then turn on the power switch, then press the an button, JA acts, and ja-1 is pulled in and locked; Ja-2 connect the charging circuit. Take 36ah lead storage battery as an example. Slowly adjust W1 to change the oscillation frequency of bt33, so as to change the conduction angle of unidirectional thyristor. Make the pointer of the ammeter about 1.8A. At this time, the charger charges the battery. With the increase of charging time, the charging current gradually decreases and the voltage at both ends of the battery gradually increases. When the voltage at both ends of the battery is 16V, JB acts and JB-1 disconnects the 220V power supply circuit; JA is released, ja-1 is unlocked, ja-2 disconnects the battery and detection circuit, and the charger stops working.
The safe charging current of the battery is generally 1 / 20 of the capacity. For example, the charging current of 36ah battery is about 1.8A. In order to make the charger universal, the power of the transformer should be larger and the output voltage should be higher. I choose the secondary output 10A / 24V transformer, which can charge the battery below 150Ah. 20A / 200V silicon stack for rectifier and 20A / 200V unidirectional thyristor. The contact current of JA relay is greater than 10a, and that of JB relay and button is greater than 5A. The integrated circuit LM324 is better than the LM741, and the genuine 74l products on the market cannot be bought. When the defective output pin does not act, there is a voltage of about 1.3V. The resistance is 1 / 2W, others are shown in the figure, and there are no special requirements.
The element is fixed in a metal casing made of iron sheet, and the volume depends on the size of the transformer. The current meter, voltage meter, power switch, button, charging "", "-" pole terminal and current adjustment potentiometer W1 are installed at the appropriate position of the front panel, and the fuse and power line lead are installed on the rear panel. Heat sink shall be installed for rectifier silicon stack and unidirectional thyristor. The components can be debugged after being welded on the copper clad plate of the universal circuit and connected correctly according to the circuit diagram. An external 16V power supply is used to supply power to the voltage comparator centered on the operational amplifier LM324. Adjust W3 to make the relay JB just act. The adjustment of the protection circuit is completed. Find a 150Ah lead-acid battery to be charged, connect it for charging, and slowly adjust W1 and W2, that is, adjust W1 to increase the charging current and W2 to reduce the charging current. When W1 is adjusted to the maximum, the charging current is 7.5A, so that the charging current is less than the operating current of the transformer. After adjustment, replace W2 with a fixed resistance close to the adjusted resistance.
4 Note that W1 must be turned to the left before charging; When charging, the battery cannot be connected reversely: slowly adjust the charging current; Turn off the power switch at the end of charging.
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As shown in the figure, when the "" - "pole of the battery to be charged is connected to the circuit, first turn W1 to the bottom, then turn on the power switch, then press the an button, JA acts, and ja-1 is pulled in and locked; Ja-2 connect the charging circuit. Take 36ah lead storage battery as an example. Slowly adjust W1 to change the oscillation frequency of bt33, so as to change the conduction angle of unidirectional thyristor. Make the pointer of the ammeter about 1.8A. At this time, the charger charges the battery. With the increase of charging time, the charging current gradually decreases and the voltage at both ends of the battery gradually increases. When the voltage at both ends of the battery is 16V, JB acts and JB-1 disconnects the 220V power supply circuit; JA is released, ja-1 is unlocked, ja-2 disconnects the battery and detection circuit, and the charger stops working.
The safe charging current of the battery is generally 1 / 20 of the capacity. For example, the charging current of 36ah battery is about 1.8A. In order to make the charger universal, the power of the transformer should be larger and the output voltage should be higher. I choose the secondary output 10A / 24V transformer, which can charge the battery below 150Ah. 20A / 200V silicon stack for rectifier and 20A / 200V unidirectional thyristor. The contact current of JA relay is greater than 10a, and that of JB relay and button is greater than 5A. The integrated circuit LM324 is better than the LM741, and the genuine 74l products on the market cannot be bought. When the defective output pin does not act, there is a voltage of about 1.3V. The resistance is 1 / 2W, others are shown in the figure, and there are no special requirements.
The element is fixed in a metal casing made of iron sheet, and the volume depends on the size of the transformer. The current meter, voltage meter, power switch, button, charging "", "-" pole terminal and current adjustment potentiometer W1 are installed at the appropriate position of the front panel, and the fuse and power line lead are installed on the rear panel. Heat sink shall be installed for rectifier silicon stack and unidirectional thyristor. The components can be debugged after being welded on the copper clad plate of the universal circuit and connected correctly according to the circuit diagram. An external 16V power supply is used to supply power to the voltage comparator centered on the operational amplifier LM324. Adjust W3 to make the relay JB just act. The adjustment of the protection circuit is completed. Find a 150Ah lead-acid battery to be charged, connect it for charging, and slowly adjust W1 and W2, that is, adjust W1 to increase the charging current and W2 to reduce the charging current. When W1 is adjusted to the maximum, the charging current is 7.5A, so that the charging current is less than the operating current of the transformer. After adjustment, replace W2 with a fixed resistance close to the adjusted resistance.
4 Note that W1 must be turned to the left before charging; When charging, the battery cannot be connected reversely: slowly adjust the charging current; Turn off the power switch at the end of charging.
4
Detailed Explanation on the Design Scheme of Level 3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Charger
The level 3 electric / hybrid vehicle battery charger of Texas Instruments (TI) adopts digital power controller, communication device, high-performance driver and interface device. Level 3 charger includes AC / DC converter with PFC that generates DC voltage from AC and DC / DC converter. Its core device is real-time C2000 Series MCU.
Plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery electric vehicle (Bev) are two emerging technologies. They use powerful motors and high-voltage battery packs as power and energy sources. Since the battery has a certain energy performance, PHEV and Bev must be supplemented periodically, generally by connecting to the power grid. In doing so, some forms of communication (PLC, wireless or RFID) may be used to manage charging activities and help authenticate the vehicle or owner for billing. Level 3 charging will play an important role in the public charging field to reduce the charging time and enable users to benefit more from the charging process.
The level 3 charging system for cars includes an AC / DC converter for generating a DC voltage from an AC line. The power to be charged will require power factor correction (PFC) to improve the power factor to meet regional rules and standards. At the center of the inverter is a real-time C2000 microcontroller. The controller is programmed to realize the required power management functions for the control loop, including AC / DC and DC / DC using PCF, so as to create the required elements for the battery. The C2000 controller includes advanced peripherals such as high-precision PWM output and ADC. It is designed to read the ADC and adjust the PWM in a separate clock cycle to achieve real-time control.
Figure 1 block diagram of dk-lm3s9b96 development board
Since the C2000 manages the power supply, the host controller is responsible for using the information and induced temperature provided by the communication module to drive the direct communication with the on-board battery pack. The information required for the charging state will be transmitted to the power controller, and important charging diagnosis and battery state will be sent to the display of level 3 charging system.
For safety reasons, isolation is required between the processor and the power supply and voltage, as well as between the communication bus and the external environment. Ti's digital isolator has logic input and output buffers separated by Ti silica (SiO2) isolation barriers, providing an isolation voltage of 4KV. When combined with isolated power supply, these devices block high voltage, isolate grounding voltage, and prevent noise current from entering the ground, affecting and damaging sensitive circuits. High performance analog components can be used to provide important system functions, such as MOSFET Drivers, sensor feedback, chip power supply and communication transceivers.
Communication on a simple system can be controlled by a separate processor. More systems with complex displays and linear accounting / reporting functions such as the level 3 charging system may require a second controller. A low frequency narrowband PLC (LF NB PLC) solution is adopted, which provides a better configuration in terms of bandwidth, power and cost requirements. The operation in narrow-band domain (frequency up to 500KHz) ensures the integrity of data and reduces the cost of the system. In this way, this standard will weigh the existing power line architecture, provide a cost-effective way to integrate intelligent monitoring, and control the new vehicle system. The data rate can vary from 1.2kbps to 100 Kbps according to the existing standards. Ti's PLC software is provided in plcsuite resource library, and users can support several modulation and standards in one design. Developers can implement sfsk, ice61334, prime and G3 standards and flexofdm standards in a separate design to realize the customization of OFDM and have applicability to the upcoming standards. In addition, it may be necessary to use wireless communication and / or RFID as a second communication protocol and a way of authentication and billing.
Stellaris lm3s2000 series is designed for controller area network (can) applications. It expands stellaris series by using Bosch can network technology (which is the gold standard of short-range industrial network). Its launch marks the first integration of can performance with the revolutionary arm Cortex-M3 core. In addition, several lm3s2000 Series MCU are also edited in the stellarisware software feature of memory ROM.
Ti infiltrates all the advantages of 32-bit performance and arm Cortex-M3 core microcontroller into all aspects of high field of microcontroller. For current 8-bit and 16 bit MCU users, stellaris series with Cortex-M3 kernel provides access to powerful development tools, systems, software and industry knowledge. Designers who will switch to stellaris will benefit from a large number of tools, small code space and excellent performance. And more importantly, designers can design arm subsystems on the basis of full confidence in the compatible development roadmap of $1 1GHz. For current users of 32-bit MCU, stellaris series provides implementation products using Cortex-M3 and thumb-2 instruction sets. With extremely fast response, thumb-2 technology integrates 16 bit and 32-bit instructions to provide a good balance between code density and performance. Thumb-2 reduces all memory by 26% compared with 32-bit code, but provides 25% higher performance. Texas Instruments stellaris series microcontrollers are arm Cortex-M3 core microcontrollers, which bring high-performance 32-bit computing into the application of cost sensitive embedded microcontrollers. These groundbreaking products allow customers to achieve 32-bit performance at the price equivalent to the previous 8-bit and 16 bit devices, all in a small pin package.
Lm3s2b93 microcontroller characteristics
Main characteristics of lm3s2b93 MCU:
arm Cortex-M3 processor core
80 MHz operating frequency: 100 DMIPS performance
arm cortex systick timer
nested interrupt controller (NVIC)
on chip memory
256 KB single cycle flash memory up to 50 MHz; Prefetch buffer improves performance above 50MHz
96kb single cycle SRAM
internal ROM containing stellarisware software
stellaris peripheral drive database
stellaris boot loader
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) password usage table
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error detection function
external peripheral interface (EPI)
8 / 16 / 32-bit dedicated flat bus for external peripherals
support SDRAM, SRAM / flash memory, FPGAs, CPLDs
advanced serial integration
two can 2.0 A / b controllers
three UARTS with IrDA and ISO 7816 support (one UART with demodulator control and status)
two I2C modules
two synchronous serial interface modules (SSI)
integrated chip audio (I2S) module
system integration
direct memory access controller (DMA)
system control and clock including on-chip high-precision 16mhz oscillator
four 32-bit timers (up to eight 16 bit)
8 capture compare PWM pins (CCP)
low power battery pack sleep module
real time clock in sleep module
two Watchdog Timers
a timer disconnected from the main oscillator
a timer separated from the high-precision internal oscillator
up to 67 GPIO, depending on the configuration
highly flexible pin combination allows the use of GPIO or one of a variety of peripheral functions
independent configurable 2mA, 4mA or 8Ma drive performance
up to 4 gpios can have 18 ma current drive performance
advanced motion control
eight advanced PWM outputs for sports and energy applications
four fault outputs to advance low delay shutdown
two integral encoder inputs (qei)
simulation
Figure 2 layout of top components of dk-lm3s9b96 development board PCB
two 10 bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with 16 analog input channels and a sampling rate of millions of samples per second
three analog comparators
16 digital comparators
on chip voltage regulator
JTAG and arm serial line commissioning (SWD)
100 pin LQFP package
108 ball BGA package
Lm3s2b93 microcontroller is oriented to industrial applications, including remote monitoring, electronic point of sale equipment, test and measurement equipment, network equipment and switches, factory automation, HVAC and building control, game console, motion control, transmission, fire prevention and safety, etc.
For applications requiring large power conversion, the lm3s2b93 microcontroller has a sleep module for the battery, which can effectively reduce the power of the lm3s2b93 during inactivity to a low power state. Using power on / power off sequencer, duration counter (RTC), a pair of matching registers, an APB interface for system bus and special nonvolatile memory, the sleep module makes the lm3s2b93 microcontroller fully suitable for battery applications.
In addition, many arm advantages provided by lm3s2b93 microcontroller are widely applicable to development tools, system on chip (SOC) architecture, IP applications and large user communities.
In addition, the microcontroller adopts the thumb-2 instruction set compatible with arm to reduce the requirements of memory and reduce the cost. Lm3s2b93 microcontroller is compatible with all products in the extended stellaris series; Provides flexibility to meet customers' high-precision requirements.
The components are as follows:
R1 reset pull-up resistor
C1 reset input filter capacitor
C3 LDO regulator filter capacitor
C2, C4-C6, C11 VDD decoupling capacitor
C7, C18 VddC decoupling capacitor
c12-c17 crystal load capacitor
Y1 Ethernet crystal
Y2 main oscillator crystal
Y3 sleep module crystal
R3 Ethernet rbias resistor
R2 sleep oscillator resistor
R5 USB RBIAS
R4 MDIO pull-up resistor
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development board
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development board provides a platform for developing the system and has the performance of lm3s9b96 arm Cortex-M3 core microcontroller.
Lm3s9b96 is a member of stellaris tempest class microcontroller family. The performance of stellaris tempest class device includes 80 MHz clock speed, an external peripheral interface (EPI) and audio I2S interface. In addition to the new hardware support for these features, the dk-lm3s9b96 board, including the stellaris board, has a rich set of peripherals.
The development board includes an on-board circuit debugging interface (icdi), which supports JTAG and SWD debugging. A standard arm 20 pin debugging head supports an array debugging solution.
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development kit accelerates the development of tempest class microcontroller. The suite also includes more sample applications and complete resource code.
Main features of stellaris lm3s9b96 development board:
easy setup - USB cable provides debugging, communication and power
flexible development platform with multiple peripherals
color LCD picture display
TFT LCD module with 320 240 resolution
resistive touch interface
80 MHz lm3s9b96 microcontroller with 256K flash, 96k SRAM, and integrated MAC PHY, USB OTG and can communication
8 MB SDRAM (plug-in EPI palette)
EPI break out board (optional plug-in board)
1 MB serial flash memory
high precision 3.00 V reference voltage
safertos operating system in microcontroller ROM
I2S stereo audio codec
linear I / O
headphone output
controller area network (can) interface
10 / 100 Ethernet
USB on the go (OTG) connector
device, host and OTG modes
user led and buttons
thumbwheel voltage divider (can be used for menu navigation)
microSD card slot
supports a wide range of debugging options
set
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Plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery electric vehicle (Bev) are two emerging technologies. They use powerful motors and high-voltage battery packs as power and energy sources. Since the battery has a certain energy performance, PHEV and Bev must be supplemented periodically, generally by connecting to the power grid. In doing so, some forms of communication (PLC, wireless or RFID) may be used to manage charging activities and help authenticate the vehicle or owner for billing. Level 3 charging will play an important role in the public charging field to reduce the charging time and enable users to benefit more from the charging process.
The level 3 charging system for cars includes an AC / DC converter for generating a DC voltage from an AC line. The power to be charged will require power factor correction (PFC) to improve the power factor to meet regional rules and standards. At the center of the inverter is a real-time C2000 microcontroller. The controller is programmed to realize the required power management functions for the control loop, including AC / DC and DC / DC using PCF, so as to create the required elements for the battery. The C2000 controller includes advanced peripherals such as high-precision PWM output and ADC. It is designed to read the ADC and adjust the PWM in a separate clock cycle to achieve real-time control.
Figure 1 block diagram of dk-lm3s9b96 development board
Since the C2000 manages the power supply, the host controller is responsible for using the information and induced temperature provided by the communication module to drive the direct communication with the on-board battery pack. The information required for the charging state will be transmitted to the power controller, and important charging diagnosis and battery state will be sent to the display of level 3 charging system.
For safety reasons, isolation is required between the processor and the power supply and voltage, as well as between the communication bus and the external environment. Ti's digital isolator has logic input and output buffers separated by Ti silica (SiO2) isolation barriers, providing an isolation voltage of 4KV. When combined with isolated power supply, these devices block high voltage, isolate grounding voltage, and prevent noise current from entering the ground, affecting and damaging sensitive circuits. High performance analog components can be used to provide important system functions, such as MOSFET Drivers, sensor feedback, chip power supply and communication transceivers.
Communication on a simple system can be controlled by a separate processor. More systems with complex displays and linear accounting / reporting functions such as the level 3 charging system may require a second controller. A low frequency narrowband PLC (LF NB PLC) solution is adopted, which provides a better configuration in terms of bandwidth, power and cost requirements. The operation in narrow-band domain (frequency up to 500KHz) ensures the integrity of data and reduces the cost of the system. In this way, this standard will weigh the existing power line architecture, provide a cost-effective way to integrate intelligent monitoring, and control the new vehicle system. The data rate can vary from 1.2kbps to 100 Kbps according to the existing standards. Ti's PLC software is provided in plcsuite resource library, and users can support several modulation and standards in one design. Developers can implement sfsk, ice61334, prime and G3 standards and flexofdm standards in a separate design to realize the customization of OFDM and have applicability to the upcoming standards. In addition, it may be necessary to use wireless communication and / or RFID as a second communication protocol and a way of authentication and billing.
Stellaris lm3s2000 series is designed for controller area network (can) applications. It expands stellaris series by using Bosch can network technology (which is the gold standard of short-range industrial network). Its launch marks the first integration of can performance with the revolutionary arm Cortex-M3 core. In addition, several lm3s2000 Series MCU are also edited in the stellarisware software feature of memory ROM.
Ti infiltrates all the advantages of 32-bit performance and arm Cortex-M3 core microcontroller into all aspects of high field of microcontroller. For current 8-bit and 16 bit MCU users, stellaris series with Cortex-M3 kernel provides access to powerful development tools, systems, software and industry knowledge. Designers who will switch to stellaris will benefit from a large number of tools, small code space and excellent performance. And more importantly, designers can design arm subsystems on the basis of full confidence in the compatible development roadmap of $1 1GHz. For current users of 32-bit MCU, stellaris series provides implementation products using Cortex-M3 and thumb-2 instruction sets. With extremely fast response, thumb-2 technology integrates 16 bit and 32-bit instructions to provide a good balance between code density and performance. Thumb-2 reduces all memory by 26% compared with 32-bit code, but provides 25% higher performance. Texas Instruments stellaris series microcontrollers are arm Cortex-M3 core microcontrollers, which bring high-performance 32-bit computing into the application of cost sensitive embedded microcontrollers. These groundbreaking products allow customers to achieve 32-bit performance at the price equivalent to the previous 8-bit and 16 bit devices, all in a small pin package.
Lm3s2b93 microcontroller characteristics
Main characteristics of lm3s2b93 MCU:
arm Cortex-M3 processor core
80 MHz operating frequency: 100 DMIPS performance
arm cortex systick timer
nested interrupt controller (NVIC)
on chip memory
256 KB single cycle flash memory up to 50 MHz; Prefetch buffer improves performance above 50MHz
96kb single cycle SRAM
internal ROM containing stellarisware software
stellaris peripheral drive database
stellaris boot loader
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) password usage table
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error detection function
external peripheral interface (EPI)
8 / 16 / 32-bit dedicated flat bus for external peripherals
support SDRAM, SRAM / flash memory, FPGAs, CPLDs
advanced serial integration
two can 2.0 A / b controllers
three UARTS with IrDA and ISO 7816 support (one UART with demodulator control and status)
two I2C modules
two synchronous serial interface modules (SSI)
integrated chip audio (I2S) module
system integration
direct memory access controller (DMA)
system control and clock including on-chip high-precision 16mhz oscillator
four 32-bit timers (up to eight 16 bit)
8 capture compare PWM pins (CCP)
low power battery pack sleep module
real time clock in sleep module
two Watchdog Timers
a timer disconnected from the main oscillator
a timer separated from the high-precision internal oscillator
up to 67 GPIO, depending on the configuration
highly flexible pin combination allows the use of GPIO or one of a variety of peripheral functions
independent configurable 2mA, 4mA or 8Ma drive performance
up to 4 gpios can have 18 ma current drive performance
advanced motion control
eight advanced PWM outputs for sports and energy applications
four fault outputs to advance low delay shutdown
two integral encoder inputs (qei)
simulation
Figure 2 layout of top components of dk-lm3s9b96 development board PCB
two 10 bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with 16 analog input channels and a sampling rate of millions of samples per second
three analog comparators
16 digital comparators
on chip voltage regulator
JTAG and arm serial line commissioning (SWD)
100 pin LQFP package
108 ball BGA package
Lm3s2b93 microcontroller is oriented to industrial applications, including remote monitoring, electronic point of sale equipment, test and measurement equipment, network equipment and switches, factory automation, HVAC and building control, game console, motion control, transmission, fire prevention and safety, etc.
For applications requiring large power conversion, the lm3s2b93 microcontroller has a sleep module for the battery, which can effectively reduce the power of the lm3s2b93 during inactivity to a low power state. Using power on / power off sequencer, duration counter (RTC), a pair of matching registers, an APB interface for system bus and special nonvolatile memory, the sleep module makes the lm3s2b93 microcontroller fully suitable for battery applications.
In addition, many arm advantages provided by lm3s2b93 microcontroller are widely applicable to development tools, system on chip (SOC) architecture, IP applications and large user communities.
In addition, the microcontroller adopts the thumb-2 instruction set compatible with arm to reduce the requirements of memory and reduce the cost. Lm3s2b93 microcontroller is compatible with all products in the extended stellaris series; Provides flexibility to meet customers' high-precision requirements.
The components are as follows:
R1 reset pull-up resistor
C1 reset input filter capacitor
C3 LDO regulator filter capacitor
C2, C4-C6, C11 VDD decoupling capacitor
C7, C18 VddC decoupling capacitor
c12-c17 crystal load capacitor
Y1 Ethernet crystal
Y2 main oscillator crystal
Y3 sleep module crystal
R3 Ethernet rbias resistor
R2 sleep oscillator resistor
R5 USB RBIAS
R4 MDIO pull-up resistor
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development board
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development board provides a platform for developing the system and has the performance of lm3s9b96 arm Cortex-M3 core microcontroller.
Lm3s9b96 is a member of stellaris tempest class microcontroller family. The performance of stellaris tempest class device includes 80 MHz clock speed, an external peripheral interface (EPI) and audio I2S interface. In addition to the new hardware support for these features, the dk-lm3s9b96 board, including the stellaris board, has a rich set of peripherals.
The development board includes an on-board circuit debugging interface (icdi), which supports JTAG and SWD debugging. A standard arm 20 pin debugging head supports an array debugging solution.
Stellaris lm3s9b96 development kit accelerates the development of tempest class microcontroller. The suite also includes more sample applications and complete resource code.
Main features of stellaris lm3s9b96 development board:
easy setup - USB cable provides debugging, communication and power
flexible development platform with multiple peripherals
color LCD picture display
TFT LCD module with 320 240 resolution
resistive touch interface
80 MHz lm3s9b96 microcontroller with 256K flash, 96k SRAM, and integrated MAC PHY, USB OTG and can communication
8 MB SDRAM (plug-in EPI palette)
EPI break out board (optional plug-in board)
1 MB serial flash memory
high precision 3.00 V reference voltage
safertos operating system in microcontroller ROM
I2S stereo audio codec
linear I / O
headphone output
controller area network (can) interface
10 / 100 Ethernet
USB on the go (OTG) connector
device, host and OTG modes
user led and buttons
thumbwheel voltage divider (can be used for menu navigation)
microSD card slot
supports a wide range of debugging options
set
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